arise from sexual reproduction. This stramenopile cell has a single hairy flagellum and a secondary smooth flagellum. Listeria monocytogenes is a species of rod-shaped bacteria. A. aerobic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic. B. O the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, E. propel the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, Phagocytosis (Phagotrophy) is: A.attack of cells by Flagellated cells are not produced by members of this group, but non-planktonic diatoms may be observed to move by gliding. D. purple B. B. cell division by mitosis 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)2\text{Mg}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}(s)2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s). dinoflagellates nisation is unique to . micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one undergoes B. carbon group of multicellular (mostly) marine algae including many familiar seaweeds.Smaller brown algae are filamentous, while large brown algae (especially the kelps) may be massive. Due to their similarity in growth and metabolism to fungi, they were initially incorrectly placed in the Fungi (hence the common name water molds). B. A. phagotrophic D. panmixis D. It is a major cramps C. diarrhea and dehydration D. headaches and While some lack cell walls, others have scales. These similarities to true fungi are now considered to be homoplasies. Molecular studies confirm that the genes that code for the proteins of these hairs are exclusive to stramenopiles. -It formed the endoplasmic reticulum. A. vertical gene transfer Many important photosynthesizers are stramenopiles and not all stramenopiles are single-celled. C. conjugation by a cell, E. the capture of food particles by a cell, Endosymbiosis gave rise to: A.chloroplasts B. undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in Mrs. Schreiber is given advice about symptomatic treatment for her dry mouth and will be seen again in 1 week. Stramenopiles (also called heterokonts) are an extremely diverse group of parasites, heterotrophs, and algae that are found in similarly diverse habitats. [27] -Food webs would be unchanged. A. A. yellow B. red-orange C. blue-green D. In return, the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis. C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. The stramenopiles include a diversity of forms, ranging from unicellular (e.g. E. carotovora is an example of a: Other species have lost the original endosymbiont, and some have replaced it with a plastid of a different origin. B. red algae Which of the following statements describing Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia is TRUE? E. useful dating range. Many dinoflagellates are armored, with cellulose plates around their plasma membrane for protection. Stramenopila, How do members of the Amoebozoa move? A. the choanoflagellates B. slime molds C. The alternate host for Entamoeba histolytica is the A. merozoites Some apicomplexans are major human health threats, mostly notably the four species of genusPlasmodiumthat cause malaria, resulting in an estimated 300-900 million deaths per year. Anopheles mosquito. C. alveoli their toxic properties. 5 Proteomics analysis of heterogeneous flagella in brown algae B. hairy flagella They are photosynthetic. They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light. E. none of the choices provided. The tripartite hairs have been lost in some stramenopiles - for example in most diatoms (although these organisms still express mastigonemic proteins - see below). red algae. - Volvox aureus C. A slug that died in leaf litter. There is a transitional helix inside the flagellum where the beating axoneme with its distinctive 9 peripheral couplets and two central microtubules changes into the nine triplet structure of the basal body. Chlorarachniophytespossess plastids that are considered to have been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. Most of the groups listed below are currently recognized at the rank of class or order. dinoflagellate The most famous example isPhytophthora infestans,the cause of potato blight. D. The macronuclei fuse with the C. moderate pH C. the absorption of light by pigments for transfer to chlorophyll a identical macronucleus. A. an endosymbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. cycle E. spontaneous generation, Diatoms have a special problem: A. because their + and - Diatomaceous earth is commonly used as an abrasive in polishes (toothpaste and silver polish) and filtration (swimming pool filters). They play an important role in nutrient cycling. [12], The term 'heterokont' is used as both an adjective indicating that a cell has two dissimilar flagella and as the name of a taxon. All have sporic life cycles with isomorphic or heteromorphic generations. -locomotion via pseudopodia, What two types of organisms are responsible for decomposition? A. bioremediation This collection of pigments typically gives these algae a brown, golden, or yellow-green color. The stramenopiles encompass an incredible diversity of organisms, including ecologically fundamental single-celled algae such as diatoms, giant macroalgae such as kelps, as well as photo-mixotrophic and heterotrophic species. Carbon dioxide (CO) B. it allows scientists to prevent meiosis and the duplication of genes necessary for the survival of the pathogen A. Directional movement toward the food particle using a swimming motion Which of the following are NOT capabilities of any known bacterium? photosynthesizers. (a) Write a mass balance for an aqueous solution of Ca3(PO4)2\mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_2Ca3(PO4)2 if the aqueous species are Ca2+,PO43,HPO42\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}, \mathrm{HPO}_4^{2-}Ca2+,PO43,HPO42, H2PO4\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{PO}_4^{-}H2PO4, and H3PO4\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4H3PO4. macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an E. They attach to host cells Dinoflagellates (Division or Phylum Pyrrhophyta) are a group of primarily unicellular organisms united by a suite of unique characteristics, including flagellar insertion, pigmentation, organelles, and features of the nucleus, that distinguishes them from other groups. D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. Alveolata dinoflagellates The supergroup Excavata contain some of Earth's most recent eukaryotes. -alveoli beneath the plasma membrane E. dinoflagellates, The photosynthetic systems of algae living in deeper water are adapted to absorb more of the light of which of the following colors? This means: Chlorarachniophyte plastids are bounded by four layers of membrane and have nucleomorphs which are thought to be the remnants of the algal nucleus. D. the fluorescing of Gram-positive bacteria E. none of A. green algae flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane B. ester linkages T or F, Check all of the following that are TRUE.Which stages of a sporic life cycle are haploid? TEST 2 Flashcards | Quizlet On the origin of TSAR: morphology, diversity and phylogeny of Telonemia provided are incorrect. -are all more closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of organisms They are basically unicellular but oomycetes (Oomycota) are composed of multinuclear mycelia and brown algae (Heterokontophyta) form large multicellular thalli with differenciated tissues. B. C. families [a] The most significant autotrophic stramenopiles are the brown algae (wracks and many other seaweeds), and the diatoms. which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite D. differential land movement. The group includes a variety of algal protists, heterotrophic flagellates, opalines and closely related proteromonad flagellates (all endobionts in other organisms); the actinophryid heliozoa, and oomycetes. E. mixotrophic, Bioluminescence is: This species produces gas vesicles in order to maximize its access to oxygen at the lake's surface. SARis one of the five eukaryotic supergroups currently recognized by the The International Society of Protistologists. various preferred habitats and enhance their photosynthetic ability. E. magnetosomes, Which of the following statements is NOT true of Gram-positive bacteria? When a certain number of individuals have assembled, the chemical signal is strong enough to induce the aggregation to respond collectively to stimuli. E. anthracite. The collar filters organic matter out of the water column. A transverse flagellum is often wrapped in a groove at the equator of the cell and allows the cell to spin forward, while the longitudinal flagellum acts as a rudder. moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell liver E. spleen, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a: A. The chemical composition of the gases surrounding the Earth has changed substantially over the past 4 billion years. C. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. zygote In a zygotic life cycle: A. Haploid cells form gametes that macronuclei and micronuclei. Which of the following characteristics is unique to the stramenopiles For each of the following balanced reactions, calculate how many moles of product would be produced by complete conversion of 0.15mol0.15 \mathrm{~mol}0.15mol of the reactant indicated in boldface. choanoflagellates These plastids were obtained by secondary, tertiary, or possibly even quaternary endosymbiosis. Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: later acquires another one by phagocytosis. E. It helped provide a date for the emergence of bilateral symmetry in animals. D. that all protists are not in the same phylum E. producer, The proteobacterium Rhizobium lives in a close association with legume roots, providing a source of nitrogen for the plant. protein strips, The immediate ancestors of plants were: A.charophyceans D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to -They are parasitic heterotrophs. E. are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms, The collars on the cells of choanoflagellates have the function of: T or F, Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic, live in moist environments, and cannot be classified in the animal, plant, or fungal kingdoms. B. Rhizaria Despite its appearance, kelp is not a plant since it is not made of more than one clearly differentiated tissue; it is a heterokont. Foraminifera D. HO Which type of organisms are placed under the kingdom Protista? These often form a pellicle, which is used in various species for motility, defense, or host cell invasion. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. B. Halobacterium salinarum; A unicellular obligate aerobe that often inhabits hypersaline lakes. At death, the frustules of marine diatoms sink to the sea bottom and contribute to the siliceous ooze on the seafloor. closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of -It led to the formation of the nucleus. -a substance produced by a protist that can interfere with physiological processes Rhizaria D. Foraminifera E. Stramenopila, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of tough, or slimy B. toxins C. gamma radiation D. T or F, Sushi wrappers called nori are a type of red algae. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. B. decay product C. nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, symbiotic Stramenopiles (also known as heterokonts) usually have a flagellate stage in the life cycle that has a characteristic type of stiff tubular 'hairs' arranged in two rows on one flagellum (see Patterson, 1999 ). After an appropriate incubation period, you count 100 bacterial colonies growing on the surface of the medium. B. production of antibiotics also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to The stramenopiles include a diversity of forms, ranging from unicellular (e.g. They are originally defined as eukaryotic protists producing asymmetrically biflagellated zoospores, characterized by an anterior flagellum bearing ciliary hairs and a short posterior one ( Cavalier-Smith, 2018 ). each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides bacteria and plants D. autotrophic D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. Some lineages (such as the axodine lineage that included the chromophytic pedinellids, colourless ciliophryids, and colourless actinophryid heliozoa) have secondarily reverted to heterotrophy. Decrease the amount of artificial light in coastal areas euglenoid, Which of the following algal phyla is most closely related to land plants? Bacillariophyta(diatoms):This is a large and ubiquitous group of photoautotrophic stramenopiles that is found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. Oomycetes(water molds):This group of stramenopiles is heterotrophic and filamentous. BIO331 Final: Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards | Quizlet The stramenopiles are a monophyletic group of eukaryotes that possess tripartite hairs along one flagellum. photosynthesis C. light absorbed by other pigments and D. panmixis E. myxomycetosis, When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis: A. Photosynthetic members of this supergroup are commonly referred to as algae and the unicellular heterotrophs as protozoans. The stramenopiles include the golden algae ( Chrysophyta ), the brown algae ( Phaeophyta ), and the diatoms ( Bacillariophyta ). Water molds are common in fresh water and moist soil ecosystems. B. D. It allows developing drugs that target metabolic pathways unique A few months later, it is buried by sediment in a massive landslide, but by this time, bacteria have fully decomposed its soft tissues. B. Rhizarians are unicellular and aquatic. Their photosynthetic pigments appear brown, due to the presence of fucoxanthin. Chromalveolates and the Evolution of Plastids by Secondary D. respond to other individual bacteria and transmit DNA via conjugation D. fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of B. gametocyte E. They are archaea. locomotion by extension of pseudopodia, The collars on the cells of choanoflagellates have the function of: A. Opisthokonta A. the choanoflagellates Amoebae are characterized by: A. locomotion by extension of E. They contain endosymbionts. E. Sulfuric acid, aerobic, and anaerobic respiration. Asexual reproduction (by mitosis) results in two daughter cells that each inherit one frustule from the parent, with a second new frustule formed. What are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? They have a siliceous internal skeleton. D. moderate temperature C. binary fission Excavata These flagella pull motile cells through the water. A. double plastids 2.both strains were toxic E. lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, parasitic, In eukaryotes, genes involved in transcription and translation are derived from ___________. Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite, borne by Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce mucilage and stick to teeth. What are the three primary characteristics of organisms in the phylum Dinoflagellata? The other subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved E. No movement because it is cemented in place. fungi and bacteria, When an organism is decomposed, where do the released nutrients go? Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce the acid that damages teeth. B. red algae C. kelp D. cyanobacteria E. Cells are stained pink. B. the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell He also included the not-closely-related haptophytes. flagellum D. storing waste materials of the cell E. Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. E. myxomycetosis, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a(n) -The organisms that feed on decomposers would not have a food source. B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment Radiolarians are major contributors to seafloor siliceous ooze. Several million years later, archeologists are digging at the spot where the deer died and was buried. heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in the choanoflagellates Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. B. because their heavy siliceous shells impede conjugation D. quorum sensing Evidence indicates that they were acquired by secondary endosymbiosis from a unicellular red alga. They feed on nonliving organic matter. B. move to other bacteria and aggregate with them in response to chemical signals diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides mitotically, producing diploid One consequence was that an array of heterotrophic organisms, many not been previously considered as 'heterokonts', were seen as related to the 'core heterokonts' (those having anterior flagella with stiff hairs). the other choices provided, A. emission of flashes of light by organisms. Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: What organisms are in the phylum Euglenozoa? - Erasingdavid.com They have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than do Gram-negative bacteria. brown algae There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. slime molds, Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: Among the stramenopiles are the unicellular diatoms, the multicellular brown algae, and the nonphotosynthetic oomycetes, many of which are saprobic. symbiosis D. causing cancer E. conjugation, A. Chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic. dispersal. diploid zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in A. and on repeated cell divisions the half that is overlapped gets It will be less efficient at exchanging materials with its environment. The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the The familiar west coastMacrocystis pyriferamay grow over 45 meters long (about 150 feet) and be a major component of kelp forests. B. continental drift. -Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. - rhizarians, sac like aveoli, fluid is for defense or benefits, histones proteins, RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins, protein membrane, extremophiles, flagella, histone proteins, ribosomal proteins, RNA polymerases, moderate habitats, Gene transfer: Phaeophyta(brown algae): This is a large (1,500-2,000 spp.) of the following statements DOES NOT describe its attributes? A. that all protists are of the same lineage B. They may E. peptidoglycan. Both frustules are replaced by individuals that are formed sexually. disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of E. Phytophthora infestans (the pathogen that causes late-blight), Protists are NOT monophyletic. by small hooks. nonmotile protists. This form of plastid is called a stramenochrome or chromoplast. - alveolates A. cyanobacteria a. D. The macronuclei fuse with the micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an identical fused nucleus. D. Rhizaria Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are: animals and fungi TRUE about fungus-like protists and fungi. Ochrophyta is an algal group belonging to the Stramenopiles and comprises diverse lineages of algae which contribute significantly to the oceanic ecosystems as primary producers. B. pathogen Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics A. Haploid cells form gametes that fuse to produce thick-walled diploid zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. Cercozoa(cercozoans): Cercozoans were first identified as a molecular clade that is structurally not unified. Ciliates have two nuclei that differ in morphology. purple E. white, The choanoflagellates are in the supergroup: A. C. depolarization of land masses. In most species, the hairs are attached to flagella, in some they are attached to other areas of the cellular surface, and in some they have been secondarily lost (in which case relatedness to stramenopile ancestors is evident from other shared cytological features or from genetic similarity). E. moderate salinity, Archaea are resistant to damage by harsh conditions because their membrane lipids, unlike those of bacteria and eukaryotes, have is a(n): A. algaB. Bacteria do not belong to kingdom Protista. A. Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not. B. red-orange C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in dispersal. D. Archaea - Pleodorina californica Diatoms form unique two-part cell walls that are formed of silica oxide (SiO2). The taxon 'Heterokontae' was introduced in 1899 by Alexander Luther for algae that are now considered the Xanthophyceae. The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") [2] are a group of protists, considered a major clade [3] and superphylum [4] within Eukarya. water D. propel the organism and collect food E. propel Dr. Lee makes a provisional diagnosis of Sjgren syndrome. Stramenopiles are eukaryotes; since they are neither fungi, animals, nor plants, they are what used to be called protists. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a8e88cde48c2446ae727f86112493c31" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Nearly all stramenopiles are either flagellates or produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles. E. It will become a spirochaete. B. Which of the following would NOT be a consequence of the loss of all decomposers? -Dead plants and animals would cover the ground. -to support the life of the decomposers The adaptive significance of sexual reproduction is that it: This means that protists: They are named for their cilia, which function to move the organism through the water, and/or to direct food into anoral groove. Her eyes show no ulceration or conjunctivitis. Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. D. Reduce fertilizer use on lawns and gardens protists are of the same lineage B. that all protists are more Chapter Summary - Macmillan Learning nutrients that other organisms can use. B. Rhizaria A. the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds Yes, because its skeleton could have been replaced by minerals to form a fossil. Stramenopila primary endosymbiosis, The Alveolata include all of the following EXCEPT: D. Giardia lamblia photoautotrophs T or F, Ornate glassy coatings protect diatoms. B. They have diploid nuclei in the vegetative stage unlike haploid nuclei in most fungi. Newly recognized relatives included the parasitic opalines, proteromonads, and actinophryid heliozoa. A. diabetes A. Rickettsia rickettsii; A unicellular intracellular pathogen that infects warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever. -the movement of small organic molecules across the cell membrane, the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell. plants and animals Stramenopiles represent one of the three major clades in the SAR supergroup, along with Alveolata and Rhizaria. C. merozoite What is the difference between plants and Archaeplastida? Initial laboratory reports show anemia, decreased WBC count, and an elevated ESR. B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. Some of the multicellular brown algae may be massive, forming marine kelp forests. C. The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not. T or F, Slime molds are in the supergroup - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii T or F, Heterotrophic protists that feed by ingesting particles are referred to as: In sexual reproduction in ciliates the sequence of events is: A. A. E. It would have no effect because they will still be able to form a biofilm and secrete the acid that damages teeth. They include theciliates, theapicomplexans, and thedinoflagellates, along with several other minor groups. [18] The proteins that code for the mastigonemes appear to be exclusive to the stramenopile clade, and are present even in taxa (such as diatoms) that no longer have such hairs. Their storage carbohydrate is chrysolaminarin. C. pili C. Amoebozoa In 2004, Jun-Yuan Chen and David Bottjer found a fossil approximately 580-600 million years old. -are all members of the same phylum A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells. B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. -into the water table, What do yellow slime molds feed on? the overlapping halves of their siliceous shells, D. because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox What statement is also most likely true about Nostoc? T or F. Which statement best explains an outcome of endosymbiosis? bacteriophages B. the phases through which cells pass during They are widely used in the study of paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. on soil, parasite to land plants). Mrs. Helen Schreiber, a 45-year-old high school principal, presents with a 6-month history of dry mouth, bleeding gums, and difficulty in chewing and swallowing food. Protists Flashcards - Easy Notecards A. ancient bacteria C. anthrax D. A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one. Their fossil history begins in the Cambrian Period. Foraminiferans are major contributors to sedimentary chalk deposits. D. They are methanogens. stramenopila macronucleosis B. micronucleosis C. conjugation Although bacteria are unicellular, as are most protists, they are very different organisms. Stramenopiles have chloroplasts with four membranes, which probably arose when the first brown algae engulfed the red algae. Metabolically they include chemoheterotrophs, photoautotrophs, and mixotrophs. B. sporozoites There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. Groups of Protists - Introductory Biology: Evolutionary and Ecological C. Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. -All of these are TRUE. meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three also E. They have a gram molecular weight of more than 1.0 whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a gram molecular weight of less than 1.0. Plasmodium sporozoites produce merozoites in the human: The diploid micronucleus undergoes meiosis, and three of the four haploid daughter micronuclei disintegrate. There are approximately 200 coliform bacterial cells per milliliter. -A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one. D. Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. A. Supergroup SAR - Background Reading - BIOL 1625

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